Peak oil? That’s some radical notion based on a myth, right? Another wacky hippie concept, an alarmist prediction with no basis in reality, right?
Nope.
Peak oil is here, and it’s time to stop denying it.
Peak oil is the name for the point when oil production reaches its maximum levels. If we mapped oil production on a graph, we would see the classic bell-shaped curve, with the peak at the top (makes sense, right?), then a flattening for several years, and then the inevitable decline.
The concept of peak oil was demonstrated by the work of M. King Hubbert, a geoscientist working for Shell, who in 1956 predicted correctly that oil production in the US would peak between 1965 and 1970. Many other industry analysts are now in agreement that we are either already at the peak or rapidly approaching it in terms of worldwide oil production. This doesn’t mean that we are running out of oil, but both the quantity and rate of oil extraction is being outpaced by worldwide demand for our most widely used energy source.
Because of high oil prices and financial turmoil during the second half of 2008, the demand for oil was actually reduced, with the price dropping rapidly. I filled up my vehicle last week and was blown away by the fact that gas prices were literally half what they were last year. Of course, now that prices have dropped, demand will start to rise and begin to outstrip production once again. With only a few major oil fields being discovered in the last 30 years, this puts us back to a dangerous situation with the global oil supply.
With most transportation of food and consumer goods based on petroleum fuels, the repercussions of peak oil for the lower and middle classes will be the steady increase in prices for staple items, and possibly the demise of the personal car. How many of us can continue to drive everywhere if gas prices rise to $4.00 a gallon and continue upward? What if it costs $6.00 or $8.00 a gallon? I can almost guarantee you that when that happens, many people will be giving up their car because they simply can’t afford to fill it up.
Watch Matthew Simmons, one of the world’s leading experts on the topic of peak oil, presentation at the Association for the Study of Peak Oil (ASPO-USA) conference in September 2008:
Read the Peak Oil Primer.
Peruse Life After the Oil Crash.
Now go get your bicycle tuned up and ready to ride…
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The top story of the year is that global crude oil production peaked in 2008.
The media, governments, world leaders, and public should focus on this issue.
Global crude oil production had been rising briskly until 2004, then plateaued for four years. Because oil producers were extracting at maximum effort to profit from high oil prices, this plateau is a clear indication of Peak Oil.
Then in July and August of 2008 while oil prices were still very high, global crude oil production fell nearly one million barrels per day, clear evidence of Peak Oil (See Rembrandt Koppelaar, Editor of “Oil Watch Monthly,” December 2008, page 1) http://www.peakoil.nl/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/2008_december_oilwatch_monthly.pdf. Peak Oil is now.
Credit for accurate Peak Oil predictions (within a few years) goes to the following (projected year for peak given in parentheses):
* Association for the Study of Peak Oil (2007)
* Rembrandt Koppelaar, Editor of “Oil Watch Monthly” (2008)
* Tony Eriksen, Oil stock analyst and Samuel Foucher, oil analyst (2008)
* Matthew Simmons, Energy investment banker, (2007)
* T. Boone Pickens, Oil and gas investor (2007)
* U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2005)
* Kenneth S. Deffeyes, Princeton professor and retired shell geologist (2005)
* Sam Sam Bakhtiari, Retired Iranian National Oil Company geologist (2005)
* Chris Skrebowski, Editor of “Petroleum Review” (2010)
* Sadad Al Husseini, former head of production and exploration, Saudi Aramco (2008)
* Energy Watch Group in Germany (2006)
Oil production will now begin to decline terminally.
Within a year or two, it is likely that oil prices will skyrocket as supply falls below demand. OPEC cuts could exacerbate the gap between supply and demand and drive prices even higher.
Independent studies indicate that global crude oil production will now decline from 74 million barrels per day to 60 million barrels per day by 2015. During the same time, demand will increase. Oil supplies will be even tighter for the U.S. As oil producing nations consume more and more oil domestically they will export less and less. Because demand is high in China, India, the Middle East, and other oil producing nations, once global oil production begins to decline, demand will always be higher than supply. And since the U.S. represents one fourth of global oil demand, whatever oil we conserve will be consumed elsewhere. Thus, conservation in the U.S. will not slow oil depletion rates significantly.
Alternatives will not even begin to fill the gap. There is no plan nor capital for a so-called electric economy. And most alternatives yield electric power, but we need liquid fuels for tractors/combines, 18 wheel trucks, trains, ships, and mining equipment. The independent scientists of the Energy Watch Group conclude in a 2007 report titled: “Peak Oil Could Trigger Meltdown of Society:”
“By 2020, and even more by 2030, global oil supply will be dramatically lower. This will create a supply gap which can hardly be closed by growing contributions from other fossil, nuclear or alternative energy sources in this time frame.”
With increasing costs for gasoline and diesel, along with declining taxes and declining gasoline tax revenues, states and local governments will eventually have to cut staff and curtail highway maintenance. Eventually, gasoline stations will close, and state and local highway workers won’t be able to get to work. We are facing the collapse of the highways that depend on diesel and gasoline powered trucks for bridge maintenance, culvert cleaning to avoid road washouts, snow plowing, and roadbed and surface repair. When the highways fail, so will the power grid, as highways carry the parts, large transformers, steel for pylons, and high tension cables from great distances. With the highways out, there will be no food coming from far away, and without the power grid virtually nothing modern works, including home heating, pumping of gasoline and diesel, airports, communications, and automated building systems.
It is time to focus on Peak Oil preparation and surviving Peak Oil.
http://survivingpeakoil.blogspot.com/
http://www.peakoilassociates.com/POAnalysis.html
Peak oil is a big deal and what a lot of environmentally conscious people fail to realize is that oil, its by products, and its energy, made the bicycles and solar panels and cars and nearly all the other stuff everywhere that we covet so much.
Oil grows our crops and moves the food to market. It fuels our war machine and mines our minerals and plays a major role in making most of the things we own. Plastic is oil. Etc…
There is a school of thought which claims that the market will produce the necessary green technologies when the time comes, that as we run out of oil the demand for alternative energies will cause investment in and the development of such energies, which will keep us moving forward much as we always have. In this new world we will have all of our old stuff except that it will be green and oil free stuff like electric cars and air powered cars and hydrogen powered cars, and green solar panels, and green Christmas paper and green space shuttles and jetliners and ad-infinitum. Please forgive my use strong language here but this vision is total bullshit.
I don’t know what fires the furnaces that smelt steel, but I’d bet it’s fossil fuel. Try to envision smelting steel with the electric elements in your toaster. Imagine them gigantic of course, and themselves made of metal smelted by other giant toasters the first of which was surely made with oil. It takes a lot of imagining because it is fantastic and nigh impossible. Then imagine some dufus at the stock exchange selling shares of toaster smelter companies that get their masses of electrical energy from giant nuclear reactors that are built entirely of concrete and toaster smelted steel and that send their energy down toaster smelted cables wrapped in woolens sopped with horse glue or some other natural occurring insulator and the whole things starts to get pretty absurd, yet without comprehending our oil dependence this is what the market created alternative energy crowd is depending on.
No, toasters will not save us. What will happen is that as oil production declines relative to demand the boys with the biggest guns will start taking it… mmm… maybe this is already happening.
There is a theory about how one symptom of peak oil begins to manifest in an economy and basically this symptom is the dramatic rise and fall in oil prices. As increasing demand for limited supply causes the price to jump, the economy shrinks as businesses who can’t afford oil are pushed out of business. The shrink causes less demand and the price falls, but when the price falls, the economy starts to grow again until demand creates the conditions that jacked the price initially, then boom, another cost spike and mini crash.
The above illustrates an unstable sort of economic condition, and though we may not be in it yet, the recent machinations of the oil market seem, at least symptomatically, to be suffering from peak oil shortage.
Anyway, I suggest that you buy a little piece of land somewhere and start farming it. Or maybe buy a little hill and start mining it.
Jon,
Your statement “what a lot of environmentally conscious people fail to realize is that oil, its by products, and its energy, made the bicycles and solar panels and cars and nearly all the other stuff everywhere that we covet so much.” is interesting to me. I don’t thing that you are giving people enough credit. I think we all realize that everything from the cups we drink from, to the blacktop we drive on is made from oil.
Your argument that we think that we can smelt steel with toasters is also inaccurate.
Look, we all know the world runs on oil. That doesn’t mean that were not running out of it. To deny the inevitable (the fact that the world can not continue to consume oil at it’s present pace) is like saying that the potato blight never happened in Ireland, because people would have starved without potatoes.
Tell you what, instead of buying a little piece of land somewhere and farming it, or a little hill and mining it, I’ll just use less oil. Cool?
I’ve got my little piece of land and am looking forward to “farming” it permaculture-style.
What’s just rather strange, IMO, is that both the industry and the government know this is coming, yet only when it seems imminent do we see the big boys investing in alternative energy sources. Gotta get those last few billions out of the ground…
And, we can send a robot to Mars, put a mini-computer (iPhone/BlackBerry) in the palm of our hands, etch our president’s portrait in a “nano-sculpture”, produce a host of other amazing achievements, but we can’t build an efficient vehicle??? The internal combustion engine is really good at producing heat, but not very efficient otherwise.
And there are millions of bicycles sitting in garages, backyards and thrift stores, perfectly usable after an overhaul/tune-up, that can be utilized tomorrow with no smelters, no factories, and only a handful of tools (can ya tell that I love bikes?). It does take more effort, and a change in lifestyle (no more long errand runs all over the place, wearing appropriate clothing, planning ahead instead of jumping in the car at the spur of the moment), but it is possible to do without a car.
Of course, with the bulk of our food and goods arriving by 18-wheelers via trains and cargo ships that are fueled by petroleum, we can reduce a lot of that by buying locally sourced products. There is no “magic bullet”, but we could transition to a low-fuel economy if we all made a conscious effort.
Hey Adam. Yeah, by all means use less oil. Although if you believe Clifford Wirth’s post, that won’t help us. But I will use less. In fact I will use less than anyone you know.
Hey Derek. I’m not sure that there could be a peaceful and organized transition to a “low-fuel” economy. When I think of the city dwellers who crowd onto buses or the obese recipients of the modern American welfare culture – or when I think of older people whose knees don’t work, or the physically handicapped or infirm, I can’t help thinking that I’m looking at people who couldn’t make the transition you’ve mentioned. Some would die off. Some would suffer. Some would become a menace to society.
Maybe culling the heard is okay, maybe it’s tragic. These days I’m leaning toward okay, but that’s because my knees still work and I’ve got a full set of bicycle tools.
The electric economy – or, more specifically, the zero-carbon economy – will allow us to cross over the chasm from our current carbon-based economy to the future world of renewable energies.
We have capacious wind energy resources across our nation, from the flats of the Great Plains to the Mid-Atlantic Bight just off our Eastern Seaboard. We have cavernous solar energy resources in our Western deserts from California to Texas. We have the knowhow to create a national electrical grid, using underground HVDC cabling – to transfer energy from its generation point to consumers, wherever they may reside.
Just as we can connect our national on an electrical grid, we can power locomotives for national, regional and local transit with electric power. High-speed maglev trains can make long distance travel safe, fast and efficient; regional fast trains can reduce the need for automotive travel; electric trains can assume much of the responsibility for moving goods from that done by trucks today and local electric rail can replace much of car transit from going to work to going to the mall.
Will there still be usage of coal, oil and natural gas? Yes. Just as oil did not fully wipe out the use of coal, wind and solar will replace much – but not all – of the uses we have today for carbon-based energy sources. By replacing the key demand drivers with electricity from wind and solar, we will extend the life of our coal, oil and gas reserves and improve the environment in which we live at the same time.
Peak Oil is the blessing – the catalyst – for this change and we should be glad we live in this time to see this change.
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Dream on Derek. Do you have any idea how much time, money, and energy it will take for your so called transition. Where does all this new infrastructure come from…….all that steel, those tracks, those cables, etc etc………are they all smeltered in those green electric toaster smelters that the other guy was talking about. And building all this while we are in recession, possibly a recession that we will not fully recover from…….ever…….not for the long term anyway. Besides…….people assume that if the public transport system was far better that people would use it instead of their cars…..never happen. You can walk out to your car anytime of day or night…..no waiting for anything……..get in your car and drive to any address anywhere in your country that you like………in privacy……and safety……..when public transport gets that good…….never…..then people will use it in place of their cars. The fact is……people will keep using their cars after peak oil………and if it costs so much to fuel them that they have to go without other stuff……it will be the car that gets the chop last.
Stu –
The transition has already begun, and it doesn’t call for any new anything, other than a paradigm shift.
I commute by bike everyday on a 24 year old bicycle, and many of my friends don’t drive at all. While that may not work for commuters with big distances to cover, it may be a wake-up call to start to work where you live (locally) instead of traveling long distances…
Not so fast, peak oil. There are lots of discoveries yet to be made, for one thing. Also, please consider the idea that the “statistics” could be faulty, a lie driven by a conspiracy by oil interests to make us believe that SUPPLY is short so that PRICES will go higher.
There is more oil to be burned that the atmosphere can absorb in any case, so we have to replace oil energy with renewable energy. I like the suggestion that, if peak oil is a reality, then we should use the remaining fossil fuels to make renewable energy equipment.
The electric car killing debacle is evidence that oilmen are fighting the change to “the electric economy”, and so everything is suspicious where we hear resistance to renewable energy.
People who believe that Peak Oil will drag America into a pre-industrial lifestyle are just as idealistic as those who think that it won’t happen at all, if only in a very different way. Think about all of the economic and political collapses that have happened in history. Were they really that peaceful or absolute?
More realistically, the entire world would be plunged into a second Great Depression, much deeper than the one we suffered in the 1930s. Oil speculators, realizing that fossil fuel production wouldn’t be going up in the near future, would drive prices up to around two hundred fifty or three hundred dollars for a barrel, and those prices wouldn’t go down very much when people started using less. Eventually, the government would probably have to take oil out of the commodity market entirely because it is so important, and so volatile.
You would have people in the countryside, having their land repossessed by banks and being forced to move into Squatter Settlements on the edges of major cities, especially in the midwest and southwest. Outbreaks of disease in those settlements would probably bring back things like the bubonic plague that we haven’t seen since the Middle Ages, because of the lack of access to healthcare.
Countries with higher gas prices right now, like Europe, would have more of a buffer to the rising price of oil, and they would be able to emerge from the Depression without all that much damage to their infrastructures. Less sustainable economies, like those in North and South America, would eventually develop economies supported by renewable energy, but the end effect would be that The United States of America will come out looking a lot more like modern day Uruguay as far as its economy is concerned. Developing economies like China’s would be completely decimated, and would never recover, and Africa would be plunged back into the Stone Age.
More likely than not, the most prominent economic system on Earth after a Peak Oil triggered Depression would be a combination of Capitalism and Socialism, with governments controlling most of the energy supply (at least in the hard hit Western Hemisphere), and all other businesses being run pretty much the same way they are now. In the worst case scenario, you could end up with Fascism taking over in major countries like America or Russia, which would be a disaster.
Basically, Peak Oil won’t wipe out our society, but it’s definitely not something I’m looking forward to.
Any discussion about oil prices over the next decade must include an attempt to quantify emerging economy demand as an important driver at the margin. Here is a simple thought experiment using Chinese demand to give some idea of the magnitude of the supply issues we face:
- China moves from 3 bbls/person/year to the South Korean per capita consumption level of 17 bbls/person/year
- Transition takes 30 years
- No peak in global production
In next 10 years we must find 44 million BOPD. If you superimpose peak production on top of this demand profile using the following parameters oil prices would increase approximately 250% in real terms over next 10 years:
- Oil demand elasticity of -0.3
- Current production 84 million BOPD, current price US$ 80
- Peak production 100 million BOPD
- Post peak decline rate of 3-4%
If you want to try the model for yourself using your own assumptions it can be found at: http://www.petrocapita.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=128&Itemid=86